Astronomers Measure Wind Speeds of 1,450 MPH on Brown Dwarf Star 33 Light-Years Away

April 11, 2020 Topic: Technology Blog Brand: The Buzz Tags: SpaceStarsScienceTechnologyStarNASA

Astronomers Measure Wind Speeds of 1,450 MPH on Brown Dwarf Star 33 Light-Years Away

For the first time, scientists have achieved the remarkable feat of measuring the wind speed on an object outside our solar system, according to a new study.

Your jaw would likely drop to the floor if you heard the meteorologist on your local news say that tomorrow’s wind speeds could reach 1,450 miles per hour.

Say goodbye to your home, car and your well-manicured lawn. But that is exactly what the forecast calls for on a brown dwarf 33.2 light-years away from Earth.

For the first time, scientists have achieved the remarkable feat of measuring the wind speed on an object outside our solar system, according to a new study published in the journal Science.

“While we have long been able to directly probe the atmospheres and winds of the bodies in our own solar system, we’ve had to conjecture what they’re like in other kinds of bodies, and if there’s one thing we've learned from our studies of extrasolar bodies thus far, it’s that our primary conjectures often turn out to be wrong,” Peter Williams, author of the study of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, said in a statement.

“This new technique opens the way to better understanding the behavior of atmospheres that are unlike anything found in our solar system.”

Brown dwarfs aren’t either planets or stars – rather they are known as “failed stars.” The brown dwarf, called 2MASS J1047+21, in this particular study is in the ballpark size range of Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system. However, it boasts 40 times the mass of the gas giant.

The clocked wind speed of 1,450 miles per hour corresponds with previous predictions by astronomers that brown dwarfs would likely have such high wind speeds.

Before this discovery, scientists have only been able to measure wind speeds on planets in our own solar system. The measurement was accomplished by utilizing a new technique that was able to combine the detection of both radio and infrared emissions.

Even though cloud movements in the atmosphere couldn’t be tracked, this data enabled scientists to better gauge the wind speeds of a distant object. Scientists were able to cull important measurement data from NASA’s recently retired Spitzer Space Telescope and the National Science Foundation’s Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array of telescopes in New Mexico.

The brown dwarf in the study is very cold, so it emits infrared light. The Spitzer, as an infrared telescope, was able to pinpoint and pick up its signal. The Jansky telescopes helped the scientists use radio waves to determine the rotation beneath the atmosphere via the detection of its magnetic field.

Much like Jupiter, the atmosphere of this brown dwarf is rotating faster than its interior. Jupiter’s wind speeds, though, don’t come close to the brown dwarf’s, as they max out at about 230 miles per hour.

Scientists added that this new technique employed to measure wind speeds would likely come in handy when studying exoplanets.

Ethen Kim Lieser is a Tech Editor who has held posts at Google, The Korea Herald, Lincoln Journal Star, AsianWeek and Arirang TV.