These countries will struggle to transition to 5G in ways that align with American national security objectives if they do not receive extra support. Malaysian officials continue to consider Huawei’s entry into the market, likely after observing the company’s success in neighboring countries. In places where the West does not enjoy a head start, the uphill battle to challenge Huawei will be even more demanding. The U.S. government must pioneer affordable joint initiatives that provide both effective and safe networks to developing countries and middle powers to re-establish its technological credibility and encourage collaboration with companies tempted by unregulated, Communist Party-monitored Chinese offers.

Axel de Vernou is a junior at Yale University studying global affairs and history. He is a Research Assistant at the Yorktown Institute.

Image: Mircea Moira / Shutterstock.com.