As stated earlier, I do not consider it a theory but a perspective because it accepts the validity of some of the assertions made by theorists of other orientations, including contemporary realists, and is cognizant of their contributions to the study of international relations. It is no way exclusivist in character and that, I believe, is a major strength of the subaltern realist perspective. At the same time, scholars who swear by “realism” of whatever hue must make honest efforts to accommodate the insights of subaltern realism because it will enrich their analysis and plug gaps evident in their theoretical efforts.

Mohammed Ayoob is Senior Fellow, Center for Global Policy, and University Distinguished Professor Emeritus of International Relations, Michigan State University