36. 蒋伟烈  [Jiang  Weilie,  PLA  Navy  Vice  Admiral],  甲午海战的历史启示 [Historical Implications of Naval Battles During the Sino-Japanese War of 1894–95], 中国军事科学 [China Military Science] (March 2014), 60.

37. See, e.g., 刘丰 [Liu Feng], “分化对手联盟: 战略, 机制与案例” [Splitting Up Alliances: Strategy, Mechanism, and Cases], 国际政治 [International Politics], March 2014, 37–48.

38. 房兵 [Fang Bing, PLA Senior Colonel], “战还是和? 俄乌克里米亚地区军事局势分析” [War or Peace? An Analysis of the Military Situation in the Russia-Ukraine Crimea Area], 兵工科技 [Ordnance Science and Technology], no. 7 (2014): 10; and also on Putin, see 马国川[Ma Guochuan], “王缉思: 中美应 ‘共同进化’”[Wang Jisi: The US and China Should ‘Evolve Together’], 财经 [Finance and Economics] (June 2014), 37.

39. 张任荣   [Zhang   Renrong],   “美国的世界领导地位与中国的战略定力” [America’s Position of World Leadership and China’s Strategic Self-Control],学习时报 [Study Times], June 9, 2014.

40. 牛新春  [Niu  Xinchun],  “集体性失明:  反思中国学者对伊战,  阿战的预测” [Collective Blindness: Recollecting the Predictions of Chinese Scholars with Respect to the Iraq and Afghan Wars], 现代国际关系 [Contemporary

International Relations], April 2014, 1–9.

41. Regarding inadvertent escalation and security dilemmas, the most classic work is by Robert Jervis, Perception and Misperception in International Politics (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1976).

42. The author’s survey of articles published in the prestigious journal International Security in the years 2006–11 yielded not a single China-related article with “cooperation” in the title.

43. Robert Axelrod and Robert Keohane, “Achieving Cooperation under Anarchy: Strategies and Institutions,” in Neorealism and Neoliberalism: The Contemporary Debate, ed. David A. Baldwin (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993), 85–89, 101, 103.

44. Mel Gurtov, “Engaging Enemies: Fraught with Risk, Necessary for Peace,” Global Asia, Summer 2013, 8–9.

45. See, e.g., Michael Yahuda, “China’s New Assertiveness in the South China Sea,” Journal of Contemporary China 22, no. 81 (2013): 454–55.

46. However, it should be stated clearly that in every chapter of this book, one can readily find Chinese voices supporting compromise. Therefore, it seems unlikely that such voices are being censored generally.

47. See, e.g., Andrew Nathan and Bruce Gilley, China’s New Rulers: The Secret Files (New York: New York Review of Books, 2003); and Richard McGregor, The Party: The Secret World of China’s Communist Rulers (New York: Harper- Collins, 2010).

48. The author thanks an anonymous reviewer for these insights and reflections on the proposed model.

49. Christopher  Layne,  “The  Global  Power  Shift  from  West  to  East,”  The National Interest, May–June 2012, http://nationalinterest.org/article/the-global-power-shift-west-east-679.... Another scholar, reflecting on the differences between the “Long Peace” between the USSR and the US during the Cold War, observes that “whatever the reason, it is the case that the US and the USSR managed their relationship in such a way as to respect the lines drawn around their spheres of influence.” Peter Shearman, “The Rise of China, Power Transition, and International Order in Asia,” in Power Transition and International Order in Asia, ed. Peter Shearman (New York: Routledge, 2014), 15.

50. Steinberg and O’Hanlon, Strategic Reassurance, 52.

51. See, e.g., Lionel Gelber, The Rise of Anglo-American Friendship: A Study in World Politics, 1898–1906 (Hamden, CT: Archon Books, 1966), 136–40.

52. Chas Freeman, Interesting Times: China, America, and the Shifting Balance of Prestige (Charlottesville, VA: Just World Books, 2012), 24.

53. On the applicability of Thucydides’ writings to US-China relations, see Graham Allison, “Thucydides Trap Has Been Sprung in the Pacific,” Financial Times, August 21, 2012.

54. See,  e.g.,  王毅  [Wang  Yi],  “坚定不移走和平发展道路,  为实现民族复兴中国梦营造良好国际环境” [Adhere to the Path of Peaceful Development and Foster a Favorable International Environment for the Rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation], 中国外交 [Chinese Foreign Policy], March 2014, 4. Wang is currently foreign minister of the People’s Republic of China.

55. David Kang, China Rising: Peace, Power, and Order in East Asia (New York: Columbia University Press, 2007), 37.

56. President John Quincy Adams, July 4, 1821.

57. Charles A. Kupchan, “Conclusion: The Shifting Nature of Power and Peaceful Systemic Change,” in Power in Transition, ed. Charles A. Kupchan, Emanuel Adler, Jean-Marc Coicaud, and Yuen Foong Khong (Tokyo: United Nations University Press, 2001), 171.

Image: White House/Flickr.