What You Need to Know: The Montana-class battleships were a planned series of five U.S. Navy warships authorized in 1941 under the "Two Ocean Navy" program.

-Designed to surpass the preceding Iowa-class, these ships would have been the largest and most powerful battleships ever built by the U.S., measuring 920 feet in length and displacing up to 71,000 tons when fully loaded.

-Each was to carry twelve 16-inch guns, offering greater firepower but at the cost of reduced speed, making them unsuitable for escorting aircraft carriers.

-As World War II progressed, the shift toward air power and the need for more carriers led to the program's suspension in May 1942 and formal cancellation in July 1943 before any construction began.

Montana-Class Battleships: The U.S. Navy's Ultimate Warships That Never Sailed

It was the class of warships that was never built, the Montana-class – authorized under the "Two Ocean Navy" building program and funded in Fiscal Year 1941 – and it would be the last of the kind ever ordered by the U.S. Navy. The ships were nearly a third larger than the preceding Iowa-class, and at 920 feet in length and with a beam of 121 feet, and a displacement of 60,500 tons – 71,000 tons with war load – would have been even larger than the HMS Vanguard, the last battleship to be built.

A total of five of the ships were ordered, with the lead in her class (BB-67) to be built at the Philadelphia Navy Yard along with Ohio (BB-68); while Maine (BB-69) and New Hampshire (BB-70) were to be constructed at the New York Navy Yard in Brooklyn; with Louisiana (BB-71) built at the Norfolk Navy Yard in Portsmouth, Virginia.

The vessels would have required a crew of at least 2,355 personnel – and perhaps as many as 2,780 if fielded as a flagship of the fleet.

Each of the six ships was to carry a dozen 16-inch guns, three more than the Iowa-class, but its massive size, increased armor and added firepower came at some notable costs.

First, the Montana-class was slower – not fast enough to escort carriers, but still fast enough to operate in the battle line. Given the threat of enemy aircraft, especially in how the Royal Navy's HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Repulse were sunk off the coast of Singapore in December 1941 – less than a year after she was commissioned – by torpedo aircraft, the slower speed was an issue.

Then there is the argument that this class was really meant to be a "Yamato killer," capable of taking on the Imperial Japanese Navy's powerful battleship. The truth is that the United States Navy didn't actually know about the Yamato's 18-inch guns until 1944, so clearly the Montana-class, which was on the drawing board far earlier, wasn't simply meant to take on the Japanese behemoth.

However, before construction began the changing tide of war, and the impact that the aircraft carrier had in pushing back the Japanese made it clear that the Montana-class was not the right ship for the job. The Navy's need for more aircraft carriers, amphibious and anti-submarine vessels resulted in a suspension of the program in May 1942 before a single keel had been laid.

Just over a year later, when it was clear that the Age of the Battleship was at an end, on July 21, 1943, the program was formally canceled. Yet, had even a single Montana-class battleship been constructed, she would have been the most powerful U.S. Navy vessel of her time.

About the Author: Peter Suciu 

Peter Suciu is a Michigan-based writer who has contributed to more than four dozen magazines, newspapers and websites. He is the author of several books on military headgear including A Gallery of Military Headdress, which is available on Amazon.com.

Images are Creative Commons images of Iowa-Class battleships.